Errors

• One must have at least one foot on the ground while playing, otherwise they lose their turn and all moved balls are placed back. In the case of carom game, the cue ball is placed on the penalty spot.
• A ball clamped between the posts of the attacking goal and not touching the playing field is considered a valid goal.
• A ball clamped between the cap and the short band is laid down.
• A ball clamped between the goal posts of the defensive goal is placed on the penalty spot.
• Playing directly over checkers or balls results in a loss of turn, with all moved balls being returned and the cue ball placed at the penalty spot. Playing indirectly over checkers or balls is allowed.
• When one or more of their own balls are played out of the billiard table, they are placed on the penalty spot. If they validly aim by the same shot, they lose their turn.
• When one or more balls of the opponent are played out of the billiard, they are pocketed. If one validly pockets by the same shot, it results in a loss of turn. Cue ball on the penalty spot.
• At a 1/1 score, playing the opponent's ball out of the billiard table and validly scoring is penalized with a loss of game.
• A ball bouncing off the wooden edge and returning to the playing field is not penalized.
• A ball that remains on the cushion, object ball, or pocket liner is considered to be played out of the billiards.
• If the ball is announced inside the frame along the long band or on the line, one is not allowed to kite over the nearest band. In case of a violation, one loses the turn, all moved balls are placed back, and the cue ball is placed at the penalty spot. Kiting is prohibited both as a scoring attempt or a defensive shot.
• If such a ball from the defender is in the large or small defensive triangle, the ball of the attacker may, after his shot, only be located in the large offensive triangle when the ball of the defender, after the shot, is not in the small triangle. In case of infringement, the offending ball is placed on the penalty spot. A ball on the line of the large defensive triangle is considered to be inside the triangle, and this applies to both players.

Goals

• Ball on the edge of the goal: If the ball falls before it comes to rest, it is considered a valid shot, even if it is touched by the cushion. In other cases, it is not considered a valid shot. The ball is taken out of the billiard and placed back.
• Playing a regularly used ball into the opponent's goal is valid. It is also valid for a regularly used ball from the opponent that disappears into their own goal or the opponent's goal.
• Playing one's own ball into the defensive goal is not valid. Offenders lose their turn, the ball is removed from the billiard table, and placed on the penalty spot.
• When one successfully targets their own ball, they remain in turn, but if you only target a ball of the opponent, you lose your turn.
• Achieving more than one objective in a single strike: Thus, through a regular strike, if one or both players no longer have any balls in play, the game is won by the individual whose last ball enters the goal first.
• Direct attempt at goal with a ball close to the goal
  • Scoring with a hard, fast blow is allowed if the ball is on or over the line of the small attacking triangle or above or on the striking line.
  • Scoring with a hard, fast hit is not allowed if the ball is below the foul line, nor is it allowed to simply push the cue ball forward towards or against the target ball with a raised cue. If the cue ball does not curve (massé) or is not first pushed forward and then drawn back (piqué), a hard, fast stroke is not allowed. In the event of a violation, the player loses their turn, the displaced balls are reset, and the cue ball is placed on the penalty spot.

Aiming

• Positioning oneself behind an opponent's ball with the cue ready to play is penalized with a loss of turn. In carom billiards, the opponent designates a ball to be placed on the penalty spot. This does not apply when the ball to be played is close to or in the same playing direction as the opponent's ball.
• Playing with an opponent's ball will be penalized with a loss of turn. The displaced balls are to be replaced; in frame games, the opponent indicates a ball to be placed on the penalty spot.
• Hitting or playing before the balls from the previous stroke have stopped moving is penalized with the loss of turn. The displaced balls are repositioned. During the frame game, the cue ball is placed on the penalty spot.

Toucher

• When touching occurs, the player loses their turn, the cue ball is placed on the penalty spot – even when a goal was intended – and all other moved balls are repositioned. If one touches without making a stroke, they lose their turn and all moved balls are repositioned.
• Touching your own ball during the frame game is penalized with the loss of turn. The displaced balls are returned to their place, even if that was the intent. The cue ball is placed on the penalty spot.
• Upon touching an opponent's ball during the frame game, it results in losing one's turn, all balls are repositioned, even if one has aimed validly, and the opponent indicates a ball that must go to the penalty spot.
• Stopping your own ball, giving it a nudge or changing its direction is penalized by loss of turn. The balls displaced by the mistake are put back in place, and the ball that was hit is placed on the penalty spot.
• Blocking a ball from the opponent, nudging it, or changing its direction is penalized by loss of turn. The balls moved by the foul are replaced, the cue ball is placed on the penalty spot, and the struck ball is pocketed.

Breakthrough

• Allowing the cue tip to touch the cue ball until it hits another ball, cushion, or marker, results in a loss of turn. The moved balls are reset, and the cue ball is placed on the penalty spot.
• The referee decides whether two balls, ball - cushion or ball - cue ball, touch each other or not; one ball must not move when playing the touching ball, unless playing away from it.
• One does not score if attempting a goal with a ball that hits the front peg or the far side peg of the goal frame and lies over the axis line of this peg on the attacking side.

Play your own ball

balls in the large defensive corner

• A ball in the big or small defensive triangle must have left the big triangle directly or indirectly by the end of the turn. If the ball has not left the big triangle, it is placed on the penalty point, all moved balls are replaced, and the turn is lost. A ball on the line of the big defensive triangle is considered to be in the triangle.
• If several of one's own balls are in the large defensive triangle, at least one ball must have left the triangle, either directly or indirectly, by the end of the turn. If none of the balls have left the triangle, they are all placed on the penalty points, all moved balls are returned to their original positions, and the turn is lost.

Frame game

Billiards layout

For the frame game, the billiard table is divided into fifteen frames. (zie figuur 1.)

Start of the frame game

The frame game begins as soon as one of the players is left with only 1 ball.

Obligations

With every shot, at least 1 ball must leave its frame but can return to the same frame. Violation is penalized with loss of turn, and the cue ball is placed on the penalty spot. All other balls remain in place. A ball in the large offensive triangle does not have to change frames. A ball that ends up in the goal has changed frames. The large defensive triangle is not considered a frame for the defender's ball(s). If such a ball lies on a frame line, it is sufficient that it leaves the line.

Penalty points

the opponent has a choice of 3 penalty points
A penalty is placed on penalty spot 1-2-3-at the opponent's choice:
Penalty point 1 refers to the corner formed by the target peg and the short cushion, on the side of the attacker's target, on the left side. The ball must hit the short cushion and be placed 3 millimeters away from the peg.
Penalty point 2 refers to the angle formed by the target pin and the short cushion, on the side of the attacker's target, to the right. The ball must touch the short cushion and be placed 3 millimeters away from the pin.
Penalty point 3 refers to: At the forest edge on the central axis, touching the 2nd marker near the attacker's target goal.
If the positioning of other balls prevents the penalty shot from being placed on these penalty points, the ball is placed on the next applicable penalty point, namely penalty point 4 or penalty point 5.
Penalty point 4 refers to: behind and touching the two caps of the width axis line along the defender's goal, on the left-hand side.
Penalty point 5 refers to: behind and touching the two caps of the width axis line along the defender's goal, on the right side.
If during the frame game a player makes an incorrect shot with a ball that is on the penalty spot or has been placed there, the cue ball is moved to the nearest available penalty spot from which no incorrect shot has been made.

Duo matches

Opening move

Before the 1st round, each duo determines who will make the opening stroke. In the second round, the other player will begin, and failure to comply results in the loss of turn and the cue ball placed on the penalty spot. In a deciding round, each duo determines who will make the opening stroke. The duo whose ball ends closest to the goal remains in turn and the second player continues, unless the opening stroke was validly aimed.

Order of play

Players take turns. If the order is not followed, it results in a loss of turn, and the moved balls are reset, even if it was intended. During the frame game, the cue ball is placed on the penalty spot.

Consultation

Consultation among participants regarding the way of playing is allowed, but pointing or indicating is prohibited. The manner of play of one player must not be influenced by another, neither verbally nor through gestures. This means that the fellow player must remain at least 1 meter away from the billiard table and their playing partner during the turn and must not engage in further consultation during the stroke.

Duration of a turn

A turn lasts 50 seconds, to be counted from the moment the balls from the previous stroke stop moving. The referee announces "TIME", after which a play must be made within 10 seconds. Violation results in loss of turn. During the carom game, the opponent designates a ball to place on the penalty spot.